security element and process to produce a security element

专利摘要:
SECURITY ELEMENT AND PROCESS TO PRODUCE A SECURITY ELEMENT. The present invention relates to a security element (1), in particular a valuable document, and a process for producing the same is described. The security element has a standard area (21), consisting of one or more design elements (22), the shape of which provides a first item of optically perceptible information. In addition, it has a bottom area (20) around one or more design elements of the standard area, at least in some areas. The safety element (1) has an opaque reflective layer that is not provided in the bottom area (20) and, in the standard area (21) it is provided in first zones (31), but not in the secondary zones. The first zones (31) are separated from each other by less than 300 micro m and have a minimum dimension of less than 300 micro m.
公开号:BR112013010547B1
申请号:R112013010547-0
申请日:2011-10-31
公开日:2020-08-25
发明作者:René Staub；Andreas Schilling；Achim Hansen
申请人:Ovd Kinergram Ag.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] [001] The present invention relates to a security element, in particular a document of value, as well as a process for producing a security element.
[0002] [002] In the field of identification documents it is known to use transparent security elements, which have an appearance that is optically variable in reflection, but still has sufficient transmissivity to also make visible or obtain information arranged under these security elements, for example details personal information about the ID document owner. Thus, for example, North American document 5411296 describes such a security element, which comprises a plastic film in which the surface relief of a hologram is molded. This plastic film also has areas of metal in the form of dots arranged in a regular pattern deposited over the entire surface. Under this security element, the substrate of an identification document, for example, a passport, is then arranged to which, for example, the photograph of the passport holder, as well as his personal details are applied. This individualized information is thus visible as a background behind the hologram in the foreground.
[0003] [003] The aim of the invention now is to provide an improved security element, as well as an improved process for producing a security element.
[0004] [004] This objective is achieved by a security element that has a standard area, consisting of one or more design elements, the shape of which provides a first optically perceptible item of information, and a bottom area around one or more more design elements from the standard area, at least in areas where the security element has an opaque reflective layer that is not provided in the bottom area, and in the standard area it is provided in the first zones, but not in one or more seconds zones, or is provided in one or more second zones, but not in first zones, where the first zones are spaced apart by less than 300 μm and have a minimum dimension of less than 300 μm. This objective is further accomplished through a process for the production of a security element, in which a transparent transfer film is provided that has an area that is divided into a standard area, the form of which provides a first item of information, and a bottom area around the standard area, at least in areas, where an opaque reflective layer is molded on the transfer film that is not provided in the bottom area, and in the standard area it is provided in first zones, but not in one or more second zones, or is provided in one or more second zones, but not in first zones, where the first zones are spaced apart by less than 300 μm and have a minimum dimension of less than 300 μm, and wherein the transfer film is applied to a substrate in such a way that a decoration layer, in particular a personalized decoration layer, which provides a second item of information is arranged between the transfer film and the substrate. This objective is further achieved through a process for the production of a security element in which a security element is provided which has a standard area, consisting of one or more design elements, the form of which provides a first security item. optically perceptible information, and a background area surrounding one or more design elements of the standard area, at least in the areas, where the security element has an opaque reflective layer that is not provided in the background area, and in the standard area it is provided in first zones, but not in second zones, where the first zones are spaced apart from each other by less than 300 μm and have a minimum dimension of less than 300 μm, and in which an information item, in particular personalized information or individualized, it is inscribed by means of a laser in a laser-sensitive decoration layer arranged under the opaque reflective layer, where during the inscription the opaque reflective layer is arranged between the laser and the decoration layer.
[0005] [005] It has been surprisingly shown that the brightness of a reflective safety feature provided in an intrinsically transparent area can be improved by the invention. If, for example, in the security element, according to the invention, the first zones are thus additionally superimposed with an embossed structure generating an optically variable effect and a decoration layer with a second item of information is provided under the opaque metallic layer, then the brightness of both the first and the second information elements is surprisingly increased for a human observer compared to the solutions known in the prior art.
[0006] [006] In general, it is normally assumed that at a viewing distance that corresponds approximately to the standard reading distance, that is, approximately 20 - 40 cm, the resolution limit of the naked human eye is approximately 300 μm, that is, objects that are smaller than approximately 300 μm can no longer be reliably resolved, that is, they can no longer be perceived as individual objects.
[0007] [007] Thus, the invention makes it possible to cover sensitive areas in a personalized or individualized document, such as, for example, a photograph or an expiration date or the serial number, with a safety feature based on an opaque reflective layer , without significantly impairing the recognition of this area and this information. The personalized or individualized information can therefore be recognized satisfactorily, even in poor visibility conditions and the security feature allows the authenticity and integrity of the document to be verified.
[0008] [008] It is of additional advantage that, due to the fine structure of the reflective layer in the trademark, that is, in a register with precision, that is, positionally accurate, the arrangement in relation to the design elements no prejudice or design limitation of the Diffraction feature occurs, regardless of the reduction in brightness. In addition, the substructure of the reflective layer in the design elements is preferably adapted to the sizes and shapes of the design elements in order to avoid problems that can occur, for example, with a regular mesh of a reflective layer. Thus, studies have shown that, with a regular grid in the reflective layer, especially fine lines can be represented only inappropriately.
[0009] [009] If, as described above, the information, in particular a personalized or individualized information item, is inscribed by means of a laser on a laser-sensitive decoration layer arranged below or above the opaque reflective layer, then the following process is preferably used for this: the laser is controlled in such a way that areas with an opaque reflective layer are omitted when the information is entered or at least are impacted with reduced power. To do this, it can first be determined, for example, by means of a corresponding optical sensor, whether the area to be processed with which the laser has an opaque reflective layer or not. Furthermore, it is also possible to determine this information from a previously stored data set, which contains the design of the opaque reflective layer. In areas where information is to be entered, but an area with an opaque reflective layer is provided, either the power of the laser is reduced, or the registration of information in this area by means of the laser is omitted.
[0010] [0010] According to an example of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the security element has a replication layer in which in the first zones, at least in relief areas of optically active surface, in particular for the generation of an optically variable effect , is molded. This surface relief preferably has one or more relief structures selected from the group: diffraction grid, hologram, "flaming" grid, linear grid, cross grid, hexagonal grid, asymmetric or symmetric grid structure, retroreflective structure, microlenses of refraction or diffraction, microprism of refraction or diffraction, zero order diffraction structure, moth eye structure or matte anisotropic or isotropic structure.
[0011] [0011] Furthermore, it is advantageous to vary the parameters of the relief structure locally, for example, the orientation of the grid grooves, the shape of the profile or the depth of the structure or several of these parameters combined.
[0012] [0012] Grid structures can also be curved or have a stochastic variation of at least one grid parameter, such as, for example, the spacing, depth of the structure or shape of the profile.
[0013] [0013] The surface relief may also consist of a regular, partially regular or random arrangement of peaks and valleys. In addition, the surface relief may have a stepped profile shape and these steps may in particular have a uniform height. In addition, this surface relief may comprise an additive or subtractive overlap of two or more of the aforementioned relief structures. A diffraction grid means a relief structure with a spatial frequency of 100 to 5000 lines / mm, the structural elements of which, preferably, have a structure depth between 0.1 and 20 μm, in particular between 0.1 and 10 μm. Relief structures with triangular structural elements that are arranged between 0.2 and 10 μm apart from each other are preferably used as flaming grids. Cylindrical lenses or spherical lenses with a focal length between 5 to 500 μm and / or a frame depth of 0.1 to 50 μm are preferably used as microlenses.
[0014] [0014] Microprisms that have a frame depth of 0.1 to 25 μm, a frame width at the base of 5 to 300 μm and are spaced apart, preferably between 5 and 300 μm, preferably are used like microprisms.
[0015] [0015] Frosted structures with a length correlation of between 0.2 and 20 μm are preferably used as frosted structures. Regular structures with a spatial frequency of more than 2000 lines / mm are preferably used as zero order diffraction structures.
[0016] [0016] The surface relief here preferably has different areas that are superimposed with others different from the relief structures identified above. By different relief structures are meant, in the first place, the relief structures that differ by the shape of the structural elements, and / or in their arrangement in relation to each other, in one or more structural parameters, for example, have a different spatial frequency and / or a different azimuth angle. Areas may have boundaries with adjacent areas in which the above-named properties of relief structures change abruptly. In addition, continuous local transitions of the parameters of the relief structures are also possible. In addition, semi-continuous local transitions of the parameters of the relief structures are also possible, for example, a local interlacing, that is, concertina or alternating arrangement of the partial sections of the relief structures, respectively, joining in a transition area.
[0017] [0017] It is furthermore particularly advantageous if the relief surface is provided registered, that is positionally accurate, in relation to the first zones. Thus, it is particularly advantageous that no surface relief is molded in the replication varnish layer in the second zones and / or in the bottom area, or a surface relief that differs from the surface relief molded in the first zones is molded there. Thus, for example, the surface relief in the second zones and / or the bottom area is determined only by the surface roughness related to the production of the replication varnish layer and, for example, it has a depth of structure or depth of roughness not less than 100 nm, or has a relief structure that differs from the relief structure in the first zones, in particular a relief structure whose aspect ratio differs from that of the molded surface relief in the first zones by at least 25 %, in particular by at least 50%. For aspect reasons, the ratio of the depth of relief to the width of the structural elements of the relief structure is understood here. It has been shown that the gloss and also the protection against counterfeiting of the security element can be significantly increased by such a design of the surface relief molded in the replication varnish layers. Thus, for example, a record with precision, that is, positionally accurate, the alignment of the surface relief in relation to the first zones can be achieved only through substantial technological expenditure, and attempts at forgery or manipulation are immediately recognizable, as as, for example, in the course of the separation or manipulation of one of the layers, the optically variable information is immediately changed due to the resulting registration deviations, that is, deviations in the positional precision of the alignment of the surface relief in relation to the first zones, and thus , counterfeits can be identified more clearly.
[0018] [0018] The surface relief here is preferably molded on the surface of the replication layer facing the opaque reflective layer and, in particular, molded on the boundary surface between the replication layer and an opaque reflective layer.
[0019] [0019] According to an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of first zones in each case a microlens or a microprisms are molded into the replication varnish layer as the surface relief. The molding surface and surface design of the respective first zones, in which the microlenses or the microprism is placed are chosen in such a way that the respective microlenses or the respective microprism occupies the entire surface of the respective first zone. The structure of the opaque reflective layer in the standard area is thus precisely registered, that is, positionally accurate, in relation to the individual lenses, with the result that each lens has the entire reflective layer, but the background does not have a layer reflective and is transparent or translucent or diaphanous. The brightness of the security features of the security element, as well as its protection against counterfeiting, is improved here.
[0020] [0020] According to another example of a preferred embodiment of the invention, the proportion of the surface covered by the respective first zones that is superimposed with the surface relief is varied locally in the standard area. This makes it possible to vary the brightness with which the standard area appears in various directions of observation and thus increase the optical complexity of the security feature provided by the security element. In addition, it is particularly advantageous here to keep the size of the area of this first zone constant. This, moreover, provides the advantage that the visual appearance of the second item of optical information, possibly provided under the opaque optical reflective layer is not, however, influenced, and therefore these changes in brightness appear to be particularly attractive .
[0021] [0021] According to another example of a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first zones, preferably each of the first zones of a design element or the standard area, are divided into n part zones in which different relief structures are molded to the replication layer as surface relief, where n ≥ 2. Thus, for example, a diffraction grid is molded in a first part of the zone, a matte structure is molded in a second part of the zone and a mirrored surface it is shaped in a third part of the zone as a relief structure. This makes it possible to provide an optical security feature in the standard area that can only be copied with difficulty. Thus, it is possible, for example, to generate optically variable effects in the standard area, which cannot be performed by a hologram and, therefore, cannot be performed, for example, in the case of an unregistered first zone arrangement, this it is not positionally accurate in relation to a relief structure.
[0022] [0022] Furthermore, it is advantageous if, in each case, one of the zones part of each of these first zones is allocated to an observation direction. Thus, for example, m viewing directions are provided and each of these first zones has n ≥ m part zones that are allocated in each case to one of the m viewing directions. The zones that are part of the first zones that are allocated to a viewing direction are preferably covered with the same relief structure. In addition, it is advantageous if the area size of the respective part zones is varied locally to determine the local brightness in the viewing direction allocated to the respective part zone. In addition or alternatively to this, it is also possible that the zones part of the first zones are allocated, in each case, to one of the k color components. Thus, for example, it is possible for three color components (RGB, meaning, for example, red, green, blue) to be provided and for the first zones to have, in each case, three parts zones, of which respectively a first is allocated to the color component R, a second to the color component G and a third to the color component B. Here too, it is advantageous if the areas part allocated to one and the same color component have the same relief structure. In addition, it is also possible here, the size of the area of the respective part zones, to be varied locally to determine the local brightness and color value. This makes it possible to generate, in a transparent area, the visible images of real colors in reflection and / or images, which vary in their brightness and / or color value in different directions, as a safety feature. Even if k = 2, images that produce a true color impression can be represented. Although the color space is limited, it is still sufficient for many applications. The advantage is in particular, that only 2 parts zones are needed. On the other hand, if k ≥ 2, in particular k ≥ 3, the representable color space can be increased, while, disadvantageously, more part zones are needed.
[0023] [0023] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the first zones have a part zone in which no relief structure is molded in the replication layer. Thus, it is possible, for example, for the first item of optical information to have a locally different brightness in reflection, which is determined by the respective local area size of the first zone and is superimposed on an optically variable information item, which is determined by the type and proportion of the surface covered by the relief structures of the relief surface molded in the respective first zones. In addition, the different items of information are also generated by this means, in the transmission and reflection by the security element.
[0024] [0024] According to an example of an even more preferred embodiment of the invention, the width, length and / or spacing between the first zones are varied in a Moiré area to generate a hidden Moiré information item that is visible as a third item of information in the Moiré area when overlaid with an allocated Moiré check element.
[0025] [0025] Thus, the Moiré area is, for example, divided into a Moiré bottom area and a standard Moiré area.
[0026] [0026] For example, the width, length and / or spacing of the first zones in the Moiré bottom area and the standard Moiré area have slightly different parameter values (which are chosen in the range of grid widths of the structural elements of the Moiré verification element), with the result that, when superimposed with the Moiré verification element, the standard Moiré area becomes visible against the Moiré background area. Printed, metallized or otherwise structured one-dimensional or two-dimensional grids can act as a verification element, in particular, one-dimensional or two-dimensional microlensing grids or line grids. Differences in parameter values (width, length and / or spacing) for the standard Moiré area and Moiré background area and the corresponding parameter values of the Moiré check element typically differ in the range between 0.1% and 10 %.
[0027] [0027] According to an even more preferred embodiment example of the invention, a substructure of the optically active surface relief is provided within the optically active surface relief of the first zones to generate a hidden Moiré information item, in which the hidden Moiré information item becomes visible as a third information item when overlaid with an allocated Moiré check element. Thus, for example, the shape of the relief and / or the depth of the structure and / or the azimuth angle and / or the spatial frequency of the optically active surface relief in the Moiré background area and in the standard Moiré area of the information item of hidden Moiré, are chosen slightly different as parameters, and also chosen slightly different to the corresponding parameters of the Moiré check element, with the result that the standard Moiré area becomes visible against the Moiré background area when overlaid with the element Moiré checklist.
[0028] [0028] Printed, metallized or otherwise structured one-dimensional or two-dimensional grids can act as a Moiré verification element, in particular one-dimensional or two-dimensional microlens or lines. Differences in parameter values (width, length and / or spacing) for the standard Moiré area and Moiré background area and the corresponding parameter values of the Moiré check element typically differ in the range between 0.1% and 10 %. For example, the standard Moiré area and / or Moiré background area can be designed in the form of unidimensionally drawn compacted elements which are magnified by Moiré by the Moiré check element and exhibit dynamic effects when the Moiré check element is shifted.
[0029] [0029] Animated Moiré effects, in particular one-dimensional or two-dimensional, which become visible when the security element is tilted and / or when the Moiré check element is moved in relation to the standard area of the hidden Moiré information item are particularly interesting here.
[0030] [0030] According to an example of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the first zones in the standard area are arranged according to a uni- or bidimensional grid, in which the width of the grid is in particular between 5 and 1000 μm, even more preferably between 20 and 500 μm, even more preferably between 25 and 250 μm. The grid here can be a periodic grid. However, it is also possible for it to be an irregular or stochastic grid, which is adapted, in particular, to the shape of the design elements.
[0031] [0031] Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous that the proportion of the standard area area covered by the first zones is between 1 and 80%, in particular between 2 and 50%.
[0032] [0032] Furthermore, it is preferred if the spaces between the first zones are between 25 and 250 μm and / or if the width and / or length of the first zones are chosen in the range of 5 to 100 μm.
[0033] [0033] The first zones are conveniently formed as polygons, in particular rectangular or as trapezoids, in which the corners can be rounded or elliptical, in particular circular. In addition, the first zones can also have simple figurative shapes or motifs, such as, for example, a letter, a symbol or a logo.
[0034] [0034] According to an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention, the standard area comprises one or more design elements, which are each modeled in the form of a line, the width of which is, in particular, at least 10 times less than the length. The pattern area thus comprises a pattern consisting of one or more lines. One or more of these lines are preferably molded in the form of a guilloche pattern.
[0035] [0035] The width of the lines here is preferably between 5 and 250 μm, even more preferably between 10 and 100 μm.
[0036] [0036] According to an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first zones of such a design element are arranged according to a one-dimensional grid along the longitudinal direction of the respective line, with the result that, in each case, only a first zone is provided along the width of the line. Thus, it is possible for each of the first zones to occupy the entire width of the line and for the width of the first zone to correspond to the width of the line. However, it is also possible for the extension of the first zone to vary in the direction of the width of the line, in which, in particular, the extension of the first zone in the longitudinal direction of the line and / or the spacing of the first zones is constant. It has been shown that the sharpness of the contour of the first item of information can be increased by such a design of the first zones.
[0037] [0037] In addition, it is advantageous if the size of the area of the first zones varies along the respective line in order to produce locally different intensities of brightness in the reflection. This is preferably done as stated above. In addition, it is also possible that the spaces between the first zones vary along the line, in order to produce locally different intensities of brightness in the reflection.
[0038] [0038] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the shape and size of the first zones are adapted to the dimensions of the design elements of the surface relief molded in the reflective layer, as already established above. It is also advantageous here if different relief structures are molded as surface relief in first areas allocated to different lines. In addition, it is also possible - as already established above - for the first zones allocated to a line to be divided into n part zones, where here also the parting zone, the number of part zones and the relief structures molded in the part zone are preferably different from line to line.
[0039] [0039] According to an example of a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the standard area comprises one or more design elements, the area of which one or more first zones are modeled as lines following the external and / or internal contour of the design element . The width of these lines is preferably between 20 and 300 μm. In addition, it is also preferred that several first zones are modeled as parallel lines that follow the outer and / or inner contour of the design element. In addition, it is also possible for these lines to be interrupted in areas.
[0040] [0040] A reflective metal layer is preferably used as an opaque reflective layer. The layer thickness of the reflective layer is chosen here in such a way that less than 30% of the light visible to humans is transmitted through this layer. In addition, it is also possible to use one or more transparent reflective layers, for example HRI or LRI layers (HRI = high refractive index; LRI = low refractive index) and combine these transparent or translucent reflective layers with an opaque layer that meets under them, for example, to cover them with a layer of opaque varnish.
[0041] [0041] In addition, it is advantageous if the opaque reflective layer consists of an electrically conductive material or comprises such a material and, in addition, provides a fourth item of electrically readable information through the formation of the first zones, such as RF elements ( RF = radiofrequency), or through the influence of the conductivity of the surface of the first zones, for example, by the corresponding spacing of the first zones.
[0042] [0042] In addition, it is also advantageous to reinforce the opaque reflective layer galvanically, if it consists of an electrically conductive material and thus, in particular, to apply a galvanic reinforcement layer of thickness between 0.2 and 20 μm. It has been shown that the properties of the security element in relation to laser personalization, in particular subsequent laser personalization, can thus be improved. If a laser-sensitive layer, which is irradiated with a laser during the personalization or individualization of the security element for entering information is thus provided, for example, under the opaque reflective layer, the destruction of the opaque reflective layer is prevented by that layer and the visual appearance of the security features of the security element is improved.
[0043] [0043] As already stated above, the security element preferably has a decoration layer for the generation of a second item of optically perceptible information which is arranged under the opaque reflective layer in relation to the viewing direction of the security element. safety. When the security element is seen, the first and second optically perceptible items of information are superimposed, with the result that the second optically perceptible item of information is protected from tampering and manipulation. The second item of optically perceptible information here is preferably a personalized or individualized information item, for example, personal data of the holder of an identification document, for example, passport number, serial number, name, photograph of the passport holder etc. Preferably, the second item of optically perceptible information, which is provided, for example, by corresponding molding or by irradiation of the decoration layer, is shaped and / or arranged in such a way that it overlaps both the standard area and the bottom area, at least in some areas in each case.
[0044] [0044] Furthermore, it is advantageous that all layers of the security element, arranged above the reflective layer opaque in relation to the direction of observation of the security element are transparent, or translucent, at least in zones and / or that all layers of the security element arranged between the opaque reflective layer and the decoration layer are transparent or translucent, at least in some areas. However, these layers can also be dyed, partially transparent, partially translucent or partially dispersive. Properties can also vary locally with respect to transparency.
[0045] [0045] Furthermore, it is also possible for the safety element to be formed as a safety element acting both in transmission and in reflection and, thus, all layers of the safety element disposed under the opaque reflective layer in relation to the direction of observation of the security element, must be transparent or translucent.
[0046] [0046] The security element can be formed in the first place as a transfer film or laminating film, which has an opaque reflective layer. It is also possible for the security element to be formed by a document of value, for example, a bank note, an identity document, a credit card, etc., or by a label for product guarantee which, preferably, also comprises many additional layers in addition to the opaque reflective layer.
[0047] [0047] The invention is explained as an example below, with reference to several examples of modalities with the aid of the attached drawings.
[0048] [0048] Figure 1a shows a schematic representation of a top view of a security element with an enlarged section.
[0049] [0049] Figure 1 b shows a schematic representation of an enlarged section of the security element according to Figure 1a.
[0050] [0050] Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a cutting section of a security element.
[0051] [0051] Figure 3 shows a schematic top view of a security element.
[0052] [0052] Figures 4a to 4c each show a schematic top view of a partial section of a reflective layer of a security element.
[0053] [0053] Figure 5a shows a schematic top view of a partial section of a replication layer of a security element.
[0054] [0054] Figure 5b shows a schematic top view of a partial section of a reflective layer of a security element.
[0055] [0055] Figure 6a shows a schematic top view of a partial section of a replication layer of a security element.
[0056] [0056] Figure 6b shows a schematic top view of a partial section of a reflective layer of a security element.
[0057] [0057] Figure 7 shows a schematic top view of a partial section of a security element.
[0058] [0058] Figure 8 shows a schematic top view of a partial section of a reflective layer of a security element.
[0059] [0059] Figure 1a shows a security element 1, the layer structure of which is shown by way of example in Figure 2.
[0060] [0060] The security element 1 has a substrate layer 11, a decoration layer 12, an optional adhesive layer 13, a reflective layer 14, an optional replication layer 15, an optional layer 16 and the optional layer 17. In addition to these layers, the security element 1 may further comprise additional layers.
[0061] [0061] Security element 1 is preferably formed by a security document, in particular an identification document, for example, a passport, driver's license or an access card. However, it is also possible that the security element 1 is a document of value, for example a bank note, a credit card or the like.
[0062] [0062] Furthermore, it is also possible for the security element to be formed by a multilayered body, in particular in the form of a transfer film or laminating film, comprising the reflective layer 14, and in particular not includes the decor layer 12 and the substrate layer 11. Thus, the security element 1 can, for example, be formed as a transfer film comprising layers 17, 16, 15, as well as the optionally adhesive layer 13. In addition, the security element 1 can thus be formed by a laminating film comprising the layer 17, the replication layer 15 and the reflective layer 14. In addition, the security element 1 can be formed by a laminating film that has the replication layer 15, which additionally acts as a support layer, as well as the reflective layer 14 and the optional adhesive layer 13. Such a multilayer body is, in particular, intended to be applied to one or more layers of a identity document or document of value as a security element, or to be incorporated between layers of an identity document or document of value. The following description of layers 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 furthermore refer to such design of the security element 1.
[0063] [0063] The substrate layer 11 can consist, for example, of a paper substrate or a plastic substrate or a sequence of several layers of paper and / or plastic, in particular, bonded to a laminate or extruded. The substrate layer 11 preferably has a layer thickness of between 25 and 2000 μm (microns), more preferably between 40 and 1000 μm.
[0064] [0064] The decoration layer 12 preferably consists of one or more layers of dyed varnish.
[0065] [0065] The coloring of the decoration layer 12, or the lacquer layers that form it, can be carried out, for example, using dissolved dyes or also by means of pigments or combinations of dyes and pigments. In particular, these can be dyes or pigments that are UV fluorescent or can be excited by IR (infrared) radiation. The coloring of the decoration layer 12 can be performed using optically variable pigments or dyes, so called OVI ® (OVI = optically variable ink), that is, using dyes and / or pigments with different visual appearances, depending on the visualization situation, for example example, depending on the viewing angle and / or lighting.
[0066] [0066] These layers of lacquer varnish are formed to provide an optically perceptible information item and thus provide, for example, optical information items 23 and 24 represented schematically in Figure 1a. In this way, the decoration layer 12 is formed, for example, in one area of the security element 1, in the form of an image of the support of the security element 1, as an optical information item 23 and in another area of the element security 1, in the form of a text giving details of the holder of the security element 1, for example, comprising the name of the holder, his address and / or his identity number. In addition, the decoration layer may also have non-personalized or non-individualized information, such as, for example, as one or more security prints. The varnish layers of the decoration layer 12 preferably consist of one or more layers of varnish colored differently from the substrate layer 11, and may, in addition to "normal" dyes or color pigments, also comprise effect pigments , such as, for example, thin film layer pigments, liquid crystal pigments or metallic pigments or effect pigments aligned by magnetic fields. If the color pigments are used in the decoration layer 12, it is thus also possible for the information items 23 and 24 to have an optically variable appearance, for example, to exhibit a color changing effect. The security impression can have optically variable constituents and optically invariant constituents. Security printing can, in addition to these, also have other security features, in particular, non-optical features.
[0067] [0067] Furthermore, it is also possible that the decoration layer 12 consists of a laser sensitive material or include one or more layers of a laser sensitive material, in which, for example, the optical information items 23 and / or 24 are registered using a laser. By laser sensitive material here means a material which is excited to change color by the action of a laser or is hereby removed, at least partially, and / or in some areas.
[0068] [0068] The decoration layer 12 and the substrate layer 11 can be dispensed together. In addition, it is also possible for even layers other than the adhesive layer 13 to be arranged between the reflective layer 14 and the decoration layer 12, or for the reflective layer 14, to follow the decoration layer 12 directly.
[0069] [0069] Layers 13 to 17 can be formed, for example, by a transfer film layer 110 or by the transfer layer of a transfer film. In this case, layer 16 is formed by a separating layer and layer 17 is formed by a support layer. The layers 13 to 15 then form the transfer layer, which remains on the support substrate 11, after removing the support layer 17 and the separation layer 16. Additional layers, not shown in Figure 2, can be transferred, such as, for example, one or more protective layers that increase resistance to wear or chemical action. The adhesive layer 13 can also consist of several layers, such as, for example, a primer and one or more layers of different adhesive layers. Other additionally transferred layers can be interlayer adhesion promoting layers or barrier layers. The support layer 17, in this case, preferably consists of a plastic film, for example, a polyester layer, with a layer thickness comprised between 6 and 200 µm. The plastic film can thus consist, for example, of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) or BOPP (biaxially oriented polypropylene).
[0070] [0070] In addition, it is also possible for layers 13 to 17 to form a laminating film. In this case, layer 16 is formed by an adhesion promoting layer and layer 17 is formed by a plastic film, which can also function as a protective layer or a covering layer of the security element 1. In this case, the layer 17 is preferably also formed by a transparent plastic film with a layer thickness between 6 and 200 μm, preferably of polyester, PET, BOPP or polycarbonate (PC). In addition to or instead of layers 16 and 17, the security element 1 can also comprise one or more additional layers, preferably transparent, which also provide, for example, the function of a cover layer for protection against mechanical and / or or chemical, in the case of a card-shaped formation of the security element. The adhesive layer 13 preferably consists of a hot melt adhesive, in particular a heat-activated thermoplastic adhesive, with a layer thickness of between 0.2 and 30 µm. The replication layer 15 preferably consists of a thermoplastic replication varnish with a layer thickness between 0.2 and 10 µm. A surface relief 18 is molded into the replication layer 15 by means of a stamping tool using heat and pressure. Furthermore, it is also possible for the replication layer 15 to consist of a UV curable material and for the surface relief 18 to be molded into the replication layer 15 by UV replication.
[0071] [0071] Instead of several layers 15, 16,17, only an individual layer that assumes several functions, can also be present. Thus, for example, replication can be carried out directly on a polymer film, film, and this film can then be glued, with or without the aid of an adhesive layer, to a security element. Suitable materials are, for example, PC or PET. The typical thickness of the polymer film is in the range of 8 to 500 μm, preferably in the range of 12 to 250 μm, even more preferably in the range of 20 to 150 μm.
[0072] [0072] The reflective layer 14 preferably consists of an opaque metal layer, for example, aluminum, copper, silver, gold, chromium or an alloy of these metals. By opaque here means a reflective layer whose transmission in the wavelength range area of visible light to the human observer is less than 30%, preferably less than 10%. If the reflective layer 14 is formed by a metal layer, the thickness of the layer of this metal layer is chosen accordingly, so that the metallic layer forms an opaque reflective layer according to this definition. Such a metallic reflective layer preferably has a layer thickness greater than 10 nm, in particular, greater than 15 nm.
[0073] [0073] In addition, it is also possible for the reflective layer 14 to consist of several layers. Thus, it is possible, for example, for the reflective layer 14 to consist of one or more dielectric reflective layers, for example, a sequence of layers of high and low refractive index (HRI or LRL layers) or a layer of a high or low refractive index that is further supported with an opaque layer to form an opaque reflective layer.
[0074] [0074] Furthermore, it is also possible for an additional dielectric reflective layer that is provided, in particular, over the entire surface, only in the standard area, only in the bottom area or only in areas where the reflective layer 14 is not provided to be provided above or below the reflective layer 14.
[0075] [0075] For example, layers of ZnS, TiO2, SiOx or MgF2, which preferably have a layer thickness between 25 and 2500 nm, can be used here as reflective dielectric layers.
[0076] [0076] In addition, semiconductor layers are also possible, such as, for example, Si, Ge, PbS, ZnSe, GaAs.
[0077] [0077] Reflective layers acting on metal can also be applied by a printing process, for example, as nanoparticles finely dispersed in a printing varnish or thin metallic flakes. Furthermore, the reflective layer can also be formed as a photonic crystal.
[0078] [0078] A layer of opaque varnish that has a transmissibility of less than 30% in the wavelength range of light visible to the human observer is preferably used as an opaque layer. This varnish layer is preferably applied by means of a printing process. Furthermore, the varnish layer can be dyed and produce, for example, a color print on reflection.
[0079] [0079] In addition, the reflective layer may also consist of a dielectric layer or a sequence of several dielectric layers that are covered by a metallic layer. By choosing the appropriate layer and its thickness, particularly interesting color effects can be achieved if the dielectric layers are formed transparent or translucent.
[0080] [0080] As shown in Figure 1a, the security element 1 has a standard area 21, consisting of several design elements 22 and a bottom area 20, around the design elements 22. The design elements 22 of the standard area here they can also have an identical shape and form a repetitive pattern (a repetition). Furthermore, it is also possible for the design elements to form additional motifs, for example, a figurative representation, or they can be formed, for example, in the form of numbers, letters or symbols, to generate an optically perceptible item of information. In addition, it is particularly preferable to have the design elements formed as lines that form, for example, a guilloche pattern or a complex line pattern, as will be explained in further detail below.
[0081] [0081] The standard area 21 is preferably shaped in the form of a macroscopically visible design, that is, the shape of the standard area 21 specified by the design elements 22 is visible to the human observer from a viewing distance of 30 cm, about. The design elements 22 of the standard area 21 thus preferably have, at each point, a length of more than 50 μm, preferably 300 μm and a width of more than 5 μm, preferably more than 10 μm. The bottom area 20 here is dimensioned at least large enough for the standard area 21 - as stated above - to be recognizable in front of the bottom area 20. The bottom area 20 thus, in the first place, surrounds the design elements 22 , formed in each case from a continuous area, preferably completely, and has a width and / or length of more than 1 mm, preferably more than 2 mm. The design elements 22 can also be limited by the edge of the security element 1 and do not need to be completely surrounded by the bottom area.
[0082] [0082] In addition, there may be more design elements that have a reflective layer over the entire surface or have zones that have a minimum dimension greater than 300 μm.
[0083] [0083] The bottom area 20 can also be formed by one or more other layers that form other additional safety characteristics, which have preferably been applied to the substrate layer 11 in a separate production step. These other layers can be personalized or individualized and / or have a conventional hologram, Kinegram ®, which has diffraction structures, with one or more reflective layers along the entire surface or over a part of the surface, and / or a volume hologram and / or a three-layer or thin-film multilayer structure (Fabry-Perot), and / or a liquid crystal element. In addition, these layers may include combinations of the examples mentioned above and thus, in particular, offer various security features in the background.
[0084] [0084] The reflective layer 14 is not provided in the bottom area 20 and is provided in the standard area in first zones 31, but not in second zones 32. The first zones 31 here are separated from each other by less than 300 μm, preferably, spaced between 25 and 250 μm apart and have a minimum dimension of less than 300 μm, preferably between 5 and 100 μm. By minimum dimension here means the width of the first zones 31, that is, the shortest distance between two limit points of the zone, which are in a common straight line that passes through the centroid of the zone.
[0085] [0085] In addition, it is also possible that the reflective layer 14, is supplied in reverse in the standard area and thus not supplied in one or more first zones 31 and supplied in one or more second zones 32. The first zones 31 are here , as already described above, separated from each other by less than 300 μm, preferably between 25 and 250 μm from each other and reference is made in this regard to the above statements.
[0086] [0086] The size of the area of the first zones and their spacing are preferably chosen so that the proportion of the surface of the standard area 21 covered by the first zones and / or the proportion of the surface of the respective design element 22 covered by the first respective zones it is between 1 and 80%, in particular between 5 and 50%, for example, 15%.
[0087] [0087] Thus, for example, in the respective design elements 22, the reflective layer 14 - as shown in Figure 1a - is divided into first point-shaped zones or first rectangular zones 31, in which the reflective layer 14 is provided, and which are surrounded by a second zone 32 in which the reflective layer 14 is not provided. The reflective layer 14 is not provided in the bottom area 20 around the design element 22.
[0088] [0088] Furthermore, it is also possible for the reflective layer 14 - as shown in Figure 1b - not to be provided in the respective design element 22 in first point-shaped or rectangular zones 31 which are surrounded by a second zone 32 in that the reflective layer 14 is provided. The reflective layer is not provided in the bottom area 20 around the frame 22.
[0089] [0089] In addition, it is also possible for some of the design elements 22 to be designed according to the arrangement shown in Figure 1a and some of the design elements 22 of the security element 1 to be designed in the arrangement shown in Figure 1b. It is, therefore, also possible for the security element 1, first, to have one or more design elements 22, in the standard area 21 from which the reflective layer 14 is provided in the first zones 31, but not in one or more second zones 32 , and because one or more design elements 22 is provided in the standard area 21 from which the reflective layer 14 is provided in one or more second zones 32, but not in the first zones 31.
[0090] [0090] Through such design of the reflective layer 14 it is concluded that the design element 22 is still sufficiently transparent, so that the optically perceptible information provided below the design element 32 is visible through the substantially opaque reflective layer 14, but in addition that this information is then superimposed by an item of information visible in the reflex which is determined by the formation of the standard area 21 and the surface relief 18.
[0091] [0091] As shown in Figure 2, the surface relief 18 here is preferably aligned with registration precision, that is, positionally accurate in relation to the first zones 31. The reflective layer 14 and the surface relief 18 are thus formed through processes registered in relation to each other. Recorded processes mean that the relative positions of the reflective layer 14, in particular patterned, and the surface relief 18, in particular patterned, in relation to each other are aligned in exact positional relation, to each other, during the individual stages of the process , for example, in particular through optically detectable trademarks. Preferably, it is hereby realized that in the bottom area 20 and / or in one or more second zones 32, the surface relief 18 is not molded, or a surface relief is provided there that differs from the molded surface relief 18 in zones 31, in particular, their aspect ratio differs from the relief of surface 18 by at least 50%.
[0092] [0092] It is thus of particular advantage if the relief structures, which determine the optically variable appearance of the standard area 21, are only molded in zones 31 of the replication layer 15 and the formation and arrangement of zones 31 occurs depending on the relief of surface 18 to be provided for the optically variable effect corresponding, in particular, during the production of the security element 1.
[0093] [0093] To produce the security element 1, the separation layer or the adhesion promoting layer 16 is thus, for example, applied first to the entire surface of the support layer 17, for example, by means of printing, in then, the replication layer 15 is applied to the entire surface, for example, by means of printing and then, the surface relief 18, as already mentioned above, is molded in the replication layer 15 in the area of the first zones 31 Then, the reflective layer 14 is preferably applied or structured in a registered way in relation to it, that is, positionally accurate in relation to this. For this, it is possible, for example, for the reflective layer 14, to be applied to the entire surface, for example by vapor deposition or spray deposition, and then, to be removed again by means of positive or negative etching, by by means of a washing process, by mechanical ablation or by laser ablation in the area of the second zones 32 and in the bottom area 20. In addition, it is also possible - for example, by means of an evaporation mask - to the reflective layer 14, can be applied only in the area of the first zones 31. Reflective layers can, however, also be applied locally by means of a printing process. The material of the reflective layer is dispersed, for example, in the printing varnish or the reflective layer forms in a chemical or physical reaction, during and / or after printing and the printing applied locally only serves to fix the opaque areas, for example, by local deposition. In addition, it is also possible, in order to register these processes, that is, in order to achieve positional precision of the processes, for different relief structures the properties of which are then used, in particular, for the structuring of the reflective layer 14 recorded with precision, that is, positionally accurate, to be molded in the first zones 31, on the one hand, and in the second zones 32 and in the bottom area 20, on the other hand.
[0094] [0094] A structure is shown in Figure 2, in which the replication layer 15 is between the reflective layer 14 and the observer. However, the sequence of layers can also be inverted, that is, the reflective layer 14 can be located between the replication layer 15 and the observer. In many designs, the opaque reflective layer 14 is thin enough and thus follows the surface relief sufficiently accurately to ensure that the surface relief has an optical effect when viewed from both sides.
[0095] [0095] If - as indicated above - a multilayered sequence of one or more transparent or translucent dielectric reflective layers and an opaque layer is used as reflective layer 14, it is possible for the dielectric reflective layer to be supplied over the entire surface in security element and only a structuring application or a structured opaque layer takes place, with the result that the reflective layer 14 forms in each case an opaque reflective layer in the area of the first zones 31 and forms, in each case, a transparent reflective layer or translucent in the second zones 32. Another advantageous variant is that an opaque metallic reflective layer is provided in the zones 31 and that a highly transparent HRI layer is present partially or on the entire surface of the bottom area 20 as another reflective layer.
[0096] [0096] The surface relief 18 is preferably composed of one or more relief structures that are selected from the group: diffraction grid, hologram, "flaming" grid, linear grid, cross grid, hexagonal grid, asymmetric grid structure or symmetrical, retroreflective structure, refractive or diffraction microlens, refractive or diffraction microprisms, zero order diffraction structure, moth eye structure or matte anisotropic or isotropic structure or an overlap of two or more of the above relief structures mentioned. Thus, it is possible, for example, for different relief structures to be provided in different areas first zones 31 or for different relief structures to be provided in different first zones 31 or for different relief structures to be provided in different design elements 22. Thus it is possible for different design elements to show a different optically variable appearance, for different standard areas 21 or different areas of a design element 22 to display different colors or a different brightness or for optically variable effects to be able to be generated hereby they cannot be imitated, for example, by means of a holographic surface relief.
[0097] [0097] Security element 1 is viewed according to the viewing direction.
[0098] [0098] During the production of the security element 1, the decoration layer 12 is applied, for example, to the substrate layer 11 by means of a printing process, and then the transfer film 110 is applied to the surface of the substrate layer 11, printed with the decoration layer 12. In addition, it is also possible for the decoration layer 12 to be printed on the adhesive layer 13 or on the replication layer 15. Furthermore, it is also possible for the personalized information items 23 and 24 are inscribed by means of a laser for the decoration layer 12, after the completion of the security element 1, or during the production of the security element 1, in which the laser is arranged here, preferably , on the side of the reflective layer 14 opposite the decoration layer 12.
[0099] [0099] Figure 3 shows a section of a security element 2. The security element 2 here has a bottom area 22 and a standard area 21, which is formed by several linear elements 20, in which two elements of drawing 22 are represented by way of example, in the sections in Figure 3. The layer structure of the security element 2 corresponds to the layer structure of the security element 1 and reference is made in this regard to the previous statements about the security element security 1.
[0100] [00100] The security element 2 furthermore has an optical information item 25, which is provided by the decoration layer 12 disposed under the reflective layer 14 and which, as shown in Figure 3, is superimposed on the bottom area 20 and also on the standard area 21 in some areas.
[0101] [00101] In the security element 2 - as already explained above - the standard area 21 has two or more design elements 22, which are molded in the form of lines. Line here means a design element whose width is at least 10 times less than its length. The width of the lines is preferably between 5 and 250 μm, for example, the width of the lines is about 50 μm. As shown in figure 3, the linear design elements 22 have first zones 31 and second zones 32 which are arranged according to a one-dimensional grid along the longitudinal direction of the respective lines. Thus, in each case, only a first zone 31 is provided along the width of the respective line. In the example of an embodiment according to Figure 3, the first respective zone 31 here occupies the entire width of the lines, so the width of the first zones 31 corresponds to the width of the respective line. As shown in Figure 3, the width of the respective first zones 31 here is constant and is, for example, between 5 and 250 μm, more preferably between 10 and 100 μm. The spacing between them varies, so the brightness of these design elements varies along the line for the human observer. The first zones 31, here, as described above or also later with reference to figures 4a, Figure 4c, or Figure 6a to Figure 7, are superimposed with surface structures of the surface relief 18. However, it is also possible to dispense with a molding of the surface relief 18 in the first zones 31.
[0102] [00102] Figure 4a shows, as an example, a cutting section of a security element 3, which is constructed according to security element 2 and security element 1. with respect to the structure of the security element reference 3 is thus made for the previous statements on Figure 1 to Figure 3. As shown in Figure 4a, the pattern area 21 here also has linear elements 22, of which three elements 221, 222, 223 are shown by way of example in Figure 4a. Design elements 221 to 223, in each case, have a sequence of first zones 31 and second zones 32 as shown in Figure 4a. The first zones 31 of the design elements 221, 222, 223 here are superimposed with, respectively, different relief structures, as indicated in figure 4a by the different shading of these zones.
[0103] [00103] The division of design elements 221 to 223 into first zones and second zones here is individually adapted to each of the design elements 221 to 223, with the result that there are no tearing effects, such as, for example, when a Moiré pattern or further interruption occurs. The spaces between the first zones 31 are chosen in such a way that, with the naked eye, an observer recognizes three continuous lines. For example, the spaces between the first zones 31 are less than 300 μm.
[0104] [00104] The spaces between zones 31, their shape and their size can vary along the line. Criteria for the design of the first zones are, for example, to avoid breaking collisions with other adjacent design elements 22 or to avoid the effects of Moiré interference with the optical information below, for example, with the optical information provided by the layer of decoration 12.
[0105] [00105] If linear design elements 22 are used, it is particularly preferred here to design the layout and formation of the first zones, as well as their overlap with the relief structures of the surface relief 18, as below, with reference to Figure 4b a Figure 4c. Such design elements can be used here, for example, in the security element according to Figure 1, or in the security elements 2 and 3 according to Figure 3 or Figure 4.
[0106] [00106] Figure 4b shows three different possibilities for the design of a linear design element 22. For this, Figure 4b shows three linear design elements 224, 225 and 226. Elements 224 to 226 are, in each case, formed as a line, as explained by means of the example above for the design elements 22 of the security element 2.
[0107] [00107] The element 224 has a sequence of first zones 31 which are separated by a second second zone 32. Here, the size of the first zones 31 varies along the line in order to produce a different local intensity, in particular an optically variable effect. As shown in Figure 4b, the extent of the first zones 31 in the direction of the line width is varied here, whereas the extent of the first zones 31 in the longitudinal direction of the line and / or the spacing between the first zones 31 along the line is constant. Studies have shown that the brightness of the design element can thus be varied along the line, but without distorting the brightness of information found under the area along the line.
[0108] [00108] In design element 225 the size of the first zones 31 along the line is chosen constant. The first zones 31 here are divided into two zones part 33 and 34, where here only the zones part 34 are covered with relief structures of the surface relief 18 and the zones part 33 are not covered with a surface relief or form a surface the mirror. As shown in Figure 4b, the size of the part zones 33 and 34, varies along the line here, while the size of the area of zones 31 remains constant. Thus, the average transmission of the design element 225 along the line remains constant, but the brightness in different viewing directions and / or the color of the design element 225 varies along the line. In addition, it is also possible here for the first zones 31 to be divided into more than two overlapping parts zones, with different relief structures, as will also be explained later, by way of example with reference to Figure 4c, Figure 6a and Figure 7.
[0109] [00109] The design element 226 thus also has first zones 31 which are divided into two parts parts 34 and 35, which are superimposed with different relief structures.
[0110] [00110] The target variation of the density of the local area, that is, the surface area of the first zones 31 and their spacing, as well as the overlap of the first zones 31 with relief structures, can be used to represent additional information. Thus, an observer can recognize in the reflection of the mirror, for example, an item of macroscopic image information or a text, without representation in the optical diffraction feature being influenced by it. This additional information may also consist of a polarization feature, which is only recognizable when viewed through a suitable filter,
[0111] [00111] In addition, the spaces between the area sizes of the first zones 31 can be suitably varied, with the result that an observer recognizes a first diffraction characteristic and an independent Moiré pattern becomes visible when viewed through a suitable filter. As already mentioned above, for example, varying the size of the area and / or the spacing of a hidden information item can be encoded here by the corresponding arrangement of opaque surfaces or lenses of a Moiré verification element, whose information item is only becomes visible when overlaid with the Moiré check element.
[0112] [00112] In addition, [on] the arrangement of the first zones 31 in relation to each other and / or the arrangement of the relief structures within the respective first zone can be used to encode more information.
[0113] [00113] As an example, Figure 4c shows several other possibilities of dividing the first zones 31 into part zones, which are superimposed with different relief structures. Figure 4c thus shows a first zone 311, which is divided into part zones 34 and 35, a first zone 312, which is divided into part zones 34 and 35 and a part zone 313 which is divided into part zones 34, 35 and 36. The zones part 34, 35 and 36, in each case on posts with different relief structures. Here, for example, the part 34 zone is supported with a diffraction grid that generates a dynamically colored Kinegram ® and the part 35 zones are covered with an anisotropically spread matte structure. Thus, for example, from a viewing direction a design element provided with first 311 zones can display a dynamically colored Kinegrama ®, while from another viewing direction a static achromatic characteristic with identical graphic content is recognizable. In the first zone 313, three parts zones are provided, for example, in the same way from different viewing directions, exhibit a different optical characteristic, or are also overlaid with grid structures, which exhibit a different color and thus make it possible the formation of an image of true colors in the standard area 21, in which the relative proportion of the surface covered by the part zones 34, 35 and 36, determines the tone and size of the area of the first zone 313 [and] the respective local brightness ( intensity).
[0114] [00114] The design and arrangement of the first zone 31, as explained above with reference to Figure 4a - Figure 4c, thus, make it possible to form linear design elements 22 that transmit a different optical impression along the line in different viewing directions and / or have a different color locally and / or a locally different brightness and / or transparency. The use of linear elements, which, as explained above, has first zones 31 arranged along the line allows a sharp contour representation of thin lines in the standard area that can only be improperly imitated with a regular grid in a reflective layer and an overlap , not registered in relation to this, that is, not positionally accurate, with the relief structures provided in the linear areas. In this way, a security element is provided that can only be imitated and manipulated with difficulty.
[0115] [00115] An additional possibility for the arrangement of first zones 31 in a design element 22 and for the arrangement of the corresponding relief structures of the relief surface 18 in relation to this is explained by means of the example below with reference to Figure 5a and Figure 5b.
[0116] [00116] Figure 5a and Figure 5b illustrate, firstly, the formation of the molded surface relief in the replication layer 18, or the structuring of the reflective layer 14 in a partial section of a design element 227.
[0117] [00117] As indicated in Figure 5b, first zones 31 are provided here, which are covered with the opaque reflective layer 14 and which are surrounded by a second zone 32. Registered microlenses 181, that is, positionally accurate, in relation to this , as shown in Figure 5a, are molded in the replication layer 18 in the first zones 31. These micro-lenses can be molded as refraction lenses or as diffraction lenses. As shown in Figure 5a and Figure 5b, the structuring of the metal layer 14 takes place precisely registered, that is, positionally accurate, in relation to the lenses 181, with the result that each lens 181 is completely covered with the reflective layer 14, but the surrounding areas are completely transparent or translucent. The adaptation of the first zones to the shape of the lenses 181 and the arrangement of the registered lenses 181, that is positionally accurate, in relation to the reflective layer 14, make it possible to increase the transparency of the element 227 compared to an unregistered arrangement, that is, positionally not accurate, or to improve the contrast of the security feature.
[0118] [00118] Zones 31 here are arranged in the form of a regular two-dimensional grid and shaped in the form of rectangles. It is also possible that the grid here is irregular and, in particular, it can also be adapted to the contour of the design element 228. The zones 31 can, in addition, also have another shape or also vary in the size of the area, as has already been previously described in relation to linear design elements.
[0119] [00119] Each of the first zones 31 here is divided into four part zones, that is, namely the part zones 34, 35, 36 and 37, which - as previously established - can have different relief structures. The filling of the part 34 zones with a relief structure 182 is shown by way of example in Figure 6a.
[0120] [00120] The relief structures in the part 34 to 37 zones serve, for example, to represent four different contents, which are visible, for example, in different viewing directions. The parting areas here may have, for example, diffraction relief structures, for example, diffraction grids, refractive relief structures or also scattered relief structures or also mirrored surfaces. Thus, for example, each zone 31, as shown in Figure 6a, is divided into four part zones, where each part zone is assigned in each case to an observation direction and the overlap of the respective part zones, for example, corresponds to the brightness information of the recognizable image in the allocated viewing direction.
[0121] [00121] As previously mentioned, the first zones 31 in this embodiment example are preferably spaced between 25 and 250 μm apart and the dimensions of the first zones 31 are preferably in the range between 5 and 100 μm. The pre-fill factor, that is, the overlap of the design element 228 with the first zones 31, here is preferably about 15%, with the result that 85% of the surface remains transparent. Figure 7 shows a section section of design element 229. Element 229 has first zones 31 which are separated from each other by a second zone 32. As shown in Figure 7, the area size of the first zones 31 varies locally, with the result that here - as already indicated above for linear design elements - the total local intensity or luminosity of the standard area varies. In addition, the first zones 31 are divided into part zones 34, 35 and 36. In part zones 34, 35 and 36 different relief structures are provided, for example, diffraction grids, which have a different spatial frequency [differently] or with a different azimuth angle. As shown in Figure 7, in addition to the area size of zones 31, the area size of zones 34, 35 and 36 relative to each other, thus, also varies. If, for example, relief structures, which convey a different color impression are thus molded in the part 34, 35 and 36 zones, as the relief structures, the color produced as a whole, can be defined by the proportion of the surface covered by the zones 34 to 36 in relation to each other and the brightness or intensity can be defined by the size of the area of the zones 31. These measures make it possible to vary the color and brightness locally in a design element and, consequently, provide, for example, a true color image, which, like the first item of information, superimposes a second item of individualized information.
[0122] [00122] Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of a design element 230 of the standard area 21, which has first linear zones 31 which are separated from each other by second zones 32. In addition, the design element 230 is surrounded by the area background 20.
[0123] [00123] As shown in Figure 8, the first zones 31 are shaped as parallel lines that follow the internal and external contour of the drawing element 230. The width of these lines is preferably between 5 and 250 μm, even more preferably between 10 and 100 μm. The design element 230 is preferably a design element whose width and / or height is greater than 1 mm, preferably greater than 2 mm. The design element 230 is in the form of a letter by way of example, as shown in Figure 8. However, the design element 230 may also have another shape, for example, be shaped in the form of another letter or a number, or also display a figurative representation, an emblem or a pictogram. Here too, it is possible for the design element, either to have one or more lines that follow the internal and / or external contour, or also to have more lines that are not arranged, in parallel, to the internal and / or external contour, and which makes possible, for example, an adaptation to an internal contour different from the external contour. In addition, it is also possible for the first linear zones 31 to have a different width, and to produce a visually recognizable figurative representation, for example, because of a width modulation of the first linear zones 31, or for the first linear zones 31 to be interrupted. in areas regularly, irregularly or stochastically and in each case does not form a closed line, as shown in Figure 8a. However, the layout of the lines can also be generated completely independently of the outer shape of the design element 230 and consists, for example, of parallel or concentric lines. Medium surface coatings in the range of 5 to 40% are particularly advantageous, as they allow for both sufficient reflection and high transmission. In addition, the spaces between the lines in the 10 - 200 μm range are advantageous.
[0124] [00124] Instead of lines, element 230 may also have a reflective layer, in the form of fine text or figurative representations, symbols, letters, numbers or logos. The details are revealed to an observer only with inspection with a tool, such as, for example, a magnifying glass or a microscope. The local distribution of brightness recognizable to the observer with the naked eye can be influenced, for example, by the size of the text, the font (type), the spacing between the letters or also the coating with microstructures. Here too, it is particularly advantageous if - as set out above - the surface relief 18 is provided with an accurate record in relation to zones 31. In addition, the surface relief here can also have, in addition, along the first zones 31 partly overlapping linear zones, with different relief structures, in order to generate, in this way, the effects already explained above.
[0125] [00125] Security element 1 may, in addition, also have a standard area of 21, which has different design elements 22. Thus, for example, one or more linear design elements that are formed according to the Figure 3 to Figure 4c, one or more design elements that are formed according to element 227, one or more design elements that are formed like design elements 228 or 229, and / or one or more design elements that are formed as the design element 230 can be combined with each other. Through such combinations of different design elements, a security element can be provided which is characterized by a particularly high protection against counterfeiting.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[0001]
Security element (1), in particular the document of value, with a standard area (21) consisting of one or more design elements (22), the shape of which provides a first item of optically perceptible information, and a background area ( 20) at least in areas around one or more design elements of the standard area, where the security element (1) has an opaque reflective layer (14) that is not provided in the bottom area (20) and, in standard area (21) is provided in the first zone (31), but not in one or more secondary zones, or is provided in one or more secondary zones, but not in the first zones (31), where the first zones (31) are separated from each other by less than 300 μm and have a minimum dimension of less than 300 μm, characterized by the fact that the security element (1) has a decoration layer (12) to generate a second item of optically perceptible information ( 23, 24, 25), which is superimposed on both the standard area (21) and the bottom area (20) at least in areas, wherein the decoration layer (12) is arranged under the opaque reflective layer (14) in relation to the viewing direction (10) of the security element (1), and where all layers (13) of the security element arranged between the opaque reflective layer (14) and the decoration layer (12) are transparent or translucent.
[0002]
Security element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of the surface area of the standard area (21) covered by the first zones (31) is between 1 and 80%, in particular between 2 and 50 %.
[0003]
Security element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that all layers (15, 16, 17) of the security element (1) arranged over the opaque reflective layer (14) in relation to the viewing direction (10) of the security element (1) are, at least in some areas, transparent or translucent and / or diaphanously dyed and / or all layers of the security element disposed under the reflective layer opaque in relation to the viewing direction of the security elements are transparent or translucent, at least in some areas.
[0004]
Security element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security element (1) has a replication layer (15), in which an optically active surface relief (18) is molded into the first zones (31) at least in some areas, in particular for the generation of an optically variable effect, with the surface relief (18) comprising one or more relief structures selected from the group: diffraction grid, hologram, grid "flaming", linear grid, cross grid, hexagonal grid, asymmetric or symmetric grid structure, retroreflective structure, microlens, microprism, zero order diffraction structure, moth eye structure or matte anisotropic or isotropic structure, or an overlap of two or more of the aforementioned relief structures.
[0005]
Security element (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that in the secondary areas (32) and / or in the bottom area (20) without surface relief it is molded in the layer of replication varnish (15) or a surface relief whose aspect ratio differs from the surface relief molded in the first zones by at least 50% is molded and / or the surface relief (18) is molded on the surface of the replication layer (15) facing the reflecting layer opaque (14), in particular, is molded on the boundary surface between the replication layer (15) and the opaque reflective layer (14).
[0006]
Security element (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that in a large number of first zones (31), in each case, a microlens or a microprism is molded in the replication layer (15) as surface relief (181), in particular the respective microlenses or the respective microprism occupies the entire surface of the respective first zone (31).
[0007]
Security element (1) according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the percentage of the surface covered by the respective first zones (31) which is covered with the surface relief varies locally in the standard area (21) .
[0008]
Security element (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that each of the first zones (31) is divided into n part zones (32-36) in which different relief structures are molded in replication layer (15) as surface relief, where n ≥ 2.
[0009]
Security element (1) according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that each of the part zones (32-36) of each first zone (31) is allocated to one of m observation directions, in which the size of the area of the respective part zones is varied locally to determine the local brightness in the direction of observation allocated to the respective part zone and / or each of the part zones (32-36) of each first zone (31), in each case, is allocated to one of the k color components, where the size of the area of the respective part zone is varied locally to determine the local brightness and color value.
[0010]
Security element (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the first item of optical information has a brightness that is locally different in reflection, which is determined by the respective size of the local area of the first zones ( 31) and / or is superimposed on an optically variable information item, which is determined by the type and the respective proportion of the surface covered by the reliefs of structures of the surface relief (18) molded in the first zones (31).
[0011]
Security element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the standard area (21) comprises one or more design elements (22, 221226), which in each case are shaped in the form of a line whose width is preferably at least 10 times less than its length, the width of the line being between 5 and 250 μm, preferably between 10 and 100 μm.
[0012]
Security element (1) according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that different relief structures are shaped as surface relief in the first zones (31) allocated to different lines (221-223).
[0013]
Security element (1) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the spaces between the first zones (31) vary along the respective line and / or that the extension of the first zones (31) varies in the direction the width of the line (224, 226), in which, in particular, the extension of the first zones (31) in the longitudinal direction of the line (224, 226) and / or the spacing of the first zone (31) is constant, and / or that the size of the area of the first zones varies along the respective line in order to produce different brightnesses or intensities of reflection locally.
[0014]
Security element (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the first zones (31) are arranged according to a one-dimensional grid along the longitudinal direction of the respective line (221-226), with the result that, in each case, only a first zone (31) is provided along the width of the line.
[0015]
Process for the production of a security element (1), in particular a valuable document, comprising the steps of: provide a transparent transfer film (110) with an area that is divided into a standard area, the shape of which provides a first item of information, and a bottom area (20) that at least surrounds the standard area, characterized by the fact that the process still comprises the following steps: form an opaque reflective layer (14) on the transfer film (110) that is not provided in the bottom area (20) and, in the standard area (21) is provided in first zones (31), but not in one or more zones secondary (32), or in the standard area is provided in one or more secondary zones (32), but not in first zones (31), where the first zones (31) are spaced apart from each other by less than 300 μm and has a minimum dimension of less than 300 μm, applying the transfer film to a substrate (11) such that a personalized decoration layer (12) is arranged between the transfer film (110) and the substrate (11), said personalized decoration layer (12) providing a second information item (23, 24, 25), in which the second optically perceptible information item (23, 24, 25), which is superimposed at least on areas over both the standard area (21) and the bottom area ( 20), and in which all layers (13) of the security element disposed between the opaque reflective layer (14) and the decoration layer (12) are transparent or translucent.

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法律状态:
2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-09-17| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2020-07-07| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-08-25| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 31/10/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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DE102010050031.3|2010-11-02|

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DE102010050031A|DE102010050031A1|2010-11-02|2010-11-02|Security element and method for producing a security element|

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PCT/EP2011/005489|WO2012059208A2|2010-11-02|2011-10-31|Security element and method for producing a security element|

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